Indian National Movement

The East India Company had established its control over almost all parts of India by the middle of the 19th century. There were numerous risings in the first hundred years of British rule in India. They were, however, local and isolated in character. Some of them were led by the nobility who were refusing to accept the changing patterns of the time and wanted the past to be restored. But the risings developed a tradition of resistance offoreign rule, culminating in the 1857 revolt.

 

The Revolt of 1857, which was called a Sepoy Mutiny by British historians and their imitators in India but described as "the First War of Indian Independence" by many Indian historians, shook the British authority in India from its very foundations.

Modern India Timeline

1751 AD: Britain becomes the leading colonial power in India
1757 AD: British defeat Siraj-ud-daulah at the Battle of Plassey
1761 AD: Marathas rule over most of northern India
1764 AD: Britain expands to Bengal and Bihar

Medieval India Timeline

1192 AD: Mohammad of Ghori defeats Prithvi Raj, captures Delhi and establishes a Muslim sultanate at Delhi
1206 AD: The Ghurid prince Qutub-ud-din Aibak becomes the first sultan of Delhi
1250 AD: Chola dynasty comes to an end
1290 AD: Jalal ud-Din Firuz establishes the Khilji sultanate at Delhi

Ancient India Timeline of Indian history

3000 BC: Beginning of the Indus Valley Civilization

2500 BC: Establishment of the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley

2000 BC: Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization

 

Extent of the IVC

·         Centered along the Indus

 

·         Extended into Ghaggar-Hakra and Ganga-Yamuna river valleys

 

·         Encompassed almost entire Pakistan, western India, southeastern Afghanistan and eastern Iran

 

·         Isolated colonies as far away as Turkmenistan

 

·         Coastal sites: Sutkagan Dor (Baluchistan), Lothal (Gujarat)

 

·         Easternmost site: Alamgirpur (near Delhi)

 

·         Island site: Dholavira

 

·         Over 500 sites found in the Ghaggar-Hakra river bed, around 100 along the Indus

 

·         First discovery (accidental): village called Brahminabad between Karachi and Lahore (1856)

 

·         First excavated site: Harappa, by Sir J.H. Marshall (1921-22)

 

·         Latest discovery: Sep 2009, rock engravings indicating Indus Valley culture found in Edakkal caves in Wayanad district of Kerala

 

·         On July 11,2010  heavy floods hit Haryana in India and damaged the archaeological site of Jognakhera, where ancient copper smelting were found dating back almost 5,000 years.

 

·          The Indus Valley Civilization site was hit by almost 10 feet of water as the Sutlej Yamuna link canal overflowed.